Category Archives: Server Security

Private DNS Domains: Creating SSL Certs for Your Web Servers and Devices That Access Them (Updated November 23, 2023)

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It’s pretty easy to get a growing internal network going at home now with devices getting cheaper and whatnot. But I myself don’t particularly don’t feel the need to expose them to the internet and only use them for myself. But I don’t like the nagging from Chrome about how this site is not secure for whatever reason on my Desktop or my tablet or phone. So I sat down this weekend and worked out how to create a cert for my web serving stuff and a CA cert for my end-use devices that made Chrome be quiet and happy and think everything was nice and secure. Here’s how I did it for the server side, later tomorrow or today I will add a post on how to do the client cert for you.

Install openssl on your working machine and buckle up!

Once you have openssl installed you need to do this twice, once for the Web servers and once for the CA for the end-user devices to accept that cert you made before.

The first thing is to generate a configuration file because we are going to make a wildcard certificate to keep from having to generate a cert for each server independently! Here’s the configuration example:

[ req ]
distinguished_name = req_distinguished_name
req_extensions     = req_ext
prompt             = no

[ req_distinguished_name ]
countryName        = US
stateOrProvinceName = Texas
localityName       = Who Hee
organizationName   = Your Org
organizationalUnitName= Your Org Name
commonName = *.yourinternaldomain.local

[ req_ext ]
subjectAltName = @alt_names

[alt_names]
DNS.1 = yourinternaldomain.local
DNS.2 = *.yourinternaldomain.local

(Added more depth to CNF file)

Ok on *nix you can pretty much save that in whatever directory you are going to run the openssl command from as it will assume based on the prompt that it exists wherever it was executed from. Save the file as: openssl.cnf

On Windows, you need to change the below (like literally the text that follows below) areas where the openssl.cnf is mentioned to point to where the config is saved in the prompt.

Generate the Signing Key

Next up we generate the signing key:

openssl genrsa -out privkey.pem 2048

That is it!

Generate the Certificate Signing Request

Now we have to generate the CSR for generating our actual server cert.

openssl req -new -key privkey.pem -out csr.pem -config openssl.cnf (Updated to add -config option to CSR request)

That was nice and easy as well, now onto generating the server’s certificate!

Create the Actual Server Certificate

Now to the almost final step which is to create the cert to be installed on all the internal servers.

openssl x509 -req -days 365 -in csr.pem -signkey privkey.pem -out cert.pem -extensions req_ext -extfile openssl.cnf

Here is where we reference the openssl.cnf to get our wildcard cert. Remember Windows users to input the complete DOS path and use quotes if it has spaces to the actual cnf file.

Once Last Thing For Those Special Needs Servers

For those servers (i.e. Synology) that require a Full Chain pem file as well you can do this from *nix.

cat cert.pem privkey.pem > fullchain.pem

Ok, the server cert is done, you should be able to add it to your web servers now. I’ll be putting up the client portion for Android and Windows client CA certs sometime later today or tomorrow so that the annoying Chrome nag screen goes away.

John

Importance of a reliable Terminal Client

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‍In today’s digital world, having a reliable terminal client is crucial for developers, system administrators, and tech enthusiasts. A terminal client serves as a gateway to the command line interface, allowing users to execute commands and perform various tasks efficiently. Whether you’re managing servers, debugging code, or accessing remote systems, a good terminal client can make a world of difference in your productivity and workflow.

A reliable terminal client should have a user-friendly interface, powerful features, and seamless connectivity. It should offer a smooth and hassle-free experience, allowing users to focus on their tasks without any distractions or limitations. With the right terminal client, you can streamline your workflow, save time, and boost your overall efficiency.

Having a reliable terminal client is especially important for professionals who work in the command line environment on a daily basis. It provides them with the necessary tools and functionalities to carry out their tasks effectively. From managing files and directories to executing complex commands, a good terminal client can simplify these processes and enhance productivity.

In addition to professionals, even casual users can benefit from a reliable terminal client. It allows them to explore the command line interface, learn programming languages, and perform various tasks with ease. A good terminal client can provide a smooth transition from graphical user interfaces (GUI) to the command line, empowering users to take full advantage of the power and flexibility offered by the command line environment.

In the next section, we will discuss the key features to look for in a terminal client, helping you make an informed decision when choosing the right tool for your needs.

Features to look for in a terminal client

When it comes to choosing a terminal client, there are several key features that you should consider. These features can greatly enhance your experience and productivity in the command line environment. Let’s take a closer look at some of the essential features to look for in a terminal client:

  1. User-friendly interface: A terminal client with a clean and intuitive interface can greatly improve your workflow. Look for features such as customizable themes, easy navigation, and a well-organized layout. A user-friendly interface allows you to focus on your tasks without any distractions, making your overall experience more enjoyable.
  2. Multiple connection support: A good terminal client should support multiple connections, allowing you to connect to different servers or systems simultaneously. This feature is particularly useful for system administrators or developers who need to manage multiple servers or work on different projects at the same time.
  3. SSH key management: SSH (Secure Shell) keys are widely used for secure remote access. A terminal client that offers SSH key management capabilities can simplify the process of managing and using SSH keys. It allows you to easily generate, import, and export SSH keys, ensuring secure and convenient remote access.
  4. Built-in file transfer: Transferring files between your local machine and remote servers is a common task for many users. A terminal client that provides built-in file transfer capabilities can save you time and effort. Look for features such as drag-and-drop file transfer, synchronization, and support for various file transfer protocols.
  5. Terminal customization: Every user has different preferences when it comes to the terminal environment. A terminal client that offers customization options, such as font styles, colors, and keyboard shortcuts, allows you to tailor the interface to your liking. This not only improves your visual experience but also boosts your productivity.
  6. Cross-platform compatibility: In today’s multi-device world, having a terminal client that works seamlessly across different platforms is essential. Look for a terminal client that supports major operating systems, such as Windows, macOS, and Linux. This ensures that you can access your command line environment from any device, anytime, anywhere.

In the next section, we will introduce Termius, a versatile terminal client that encompasses all these features and more. Stay tuned to discover how Termius can revolutionize your terminal experience.

Introducing Termius – a versatile terminal client

Termius is a game-changer in the world of terminal clients. With its outstanding features and user-friendly design, Termius has become the go-to choice for those who want seamless and hassle-free connectivity. Whether you’re a developer, system administrator, or tech enthusiast, Termius offers the perfect blend of functionality and convenience.

One of the standout features of Termius is its unique ability to configure a connection on one device and have it automatically replicated to all your other devices. This means that you only need to set up your connections once, and they will be available on all your devices. Say goodbye to the tedious task of repeatedly setting up connections on each device. With Termius, you can simply set it up once and enjoy easy access from anywhere, at any time.

Termius boasts a user-friendly interface that is both sleek and intuitive. Navigating through the app is a breeze, thanks to its well-organized layout and easy-to-use controls. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced user, you’ll feel right at home with Termius.

In terms of functionality, Termius offers a wide range of features that cater to the needs of both casual users and professionals. From secure SSH connections to powerful scripting capabilities, Termius has you covered. It supports various protocols, including SSH, Telnet, Mosh, and SFTP, making it a versatile tool for all your terminal needs.

In the next section, we will delve deeper into the process of setting up Termius on multiple devices, allowing you to enjoy seamless connectivity wherever you go. Stay tuned to discover how Termius can revolutionize your workflow and take your terminal experience to the next level.

Setting up Termius on multiple devices

Setting up Termius on multiple devices is a breeze, thanks to its seamless synchronization capabilities. Whether you’re using a smartphone, tablet, or computer, Termius ensures that your connections and settings are replicated across all your devices.

To get started, simply download and install the Termius app on your devices from the respective app stores or the Termius website. Termius is available for major platforms, including Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android, ensuring cross-platform compatibility.

Once you have installed Termius on your devices, the next step is to sign in to your Termius account. If you don’t have an account yet, you can easily create one within the app. Signing in to your account ensures that your connections and settings are synced across all your devices.

After signing in, you can start configuring your connections on one device. Termius provides a straightforward interface for adding and managing connections. Simply enter the necessary details, such as the hostname, username, and password or SSH key, and save the connection.

The beauty of Termius lies in its synchronization capabilities. Once you have set up a connection on one device, it will automatically appear on all your other devices. This means that you don’t have to manually set up connections on each device, saving you time and effort. Whether you’re at your desk or on the go, Termius ensures that your connections are always within reach.

In addition to connections, Termius also synchronizes other settings, such as themes, fonts, and keyboard shortcuts. This ensures a consistent experience across all your devices, regardless of the platform or form factor.

In the next section, we will explore the process of configuring connections on Termius, allowing you to take full advantage of its powerful features and functionalities. Stay tuned to discover how Termius can simplify your terminal access and enhance your productivity.

Configuring connections on Termius

Configuring connections on Termius is a straightforward process that can be done in a few simple steps. Whether you’re connecting to a remote server, managing a cloud instance, or accessing a local system, Termius provides an intuitive interface for adding and managing connections.

To add a new connection, simply open the Termius app and navigate to the Connections tab. From here, you can click on the “Add” button to start the configuration process. Termius supports various connection types, including SSH, Telnet, Mosh, and SFTP, allowing you to connect to a wide range of systems and servers.

When adding a new connection, you will be prompted to enter the necessary details, such as the hostname or IP address, username, and authentication method. Termius supports both password and SSH key-based authentication, ensuring secure and convenient access to your systems.

In addition to the basic connection details, Termius allows you to customize various advanced settings according to your preferences. For example, you can specify the port number, enable compression, configure terminal settings, and set up port forwarding. These advanced settings give you full control over your connections, allowing you to tailor them to your specific requirements.

Once you have entered all the necessary details, simply save the connection, and it will be added to your list of connections. From here, you can easily access and manage your connections with a single click.

Termius also offers a powerful search and filtering feature, allowing you to quickly find and organize your connections. Whether you have a handful of connections or a long list of servers, Termius makes it easy to navigate through your connections and find the one you’re looking for.

In the next section, we will explore the benefits of using Termius for terminal access, highlighting the advantages it offers over other terminal clients. Stay tuned to discover why Termius is the ultimate choice for seamless and hassle-free terminal connectivity.

Syncing connections across devices with Termius

One of the standout features of Termius is its ability to sync connections across all your devices. This means that once you have set up a connection on one device, it will automatically appear on all your other devices. This feature is particularly useful for users who work across multiple devices or need to switch between devices frequently.

Syncing connections with Termius is seamless and hassle-free. Whether you’re using a smartphone, tablet, or computer, you can enjoy consistent access to your connections regardless of the device you’re using. This eliminates the need to manually set up connections on each device, saving you time and effort.

To enable connection syncing, simply sign in to your Termius account on all your devices. Once signed in, Termius will automatically sync your connections and settings across all your devices. This ensures that you have access to your connections whenever and wherever you need them.

Syncing connections with Termius also provides an added layer of backup and security. In the event that you lose or replace a device, you can easily restore your connections by signing in to your Termius account. This eliminates the risk of losing important connection details and ensures that you can quickly get back to work without any disruptions.

In addition to connection syncing, Termius also provides seamless synchronization of other settings, such as themes, fonts, and keyboard shortcuts. This ensures a consistent experience across all your devices, allowing you to work with ease and efficiency.

In the next section, we will discuss the benefits of using Termius for terminal access, highlighting the advantages it offers over other terminal clients. Stay tuned to discover why Termius is the ultimate choice for seamless and hassle-free terminal connectivity.

Benefits of using Termius for terminal access

Termius offers a wide range of benefits that make it the ultimate choice for seamless and hassle-free terminal access. Let’s take a look at some of the key advantages that Termius brings to the table:

  1. Seamless syncing: Termius allows you to configure a connection on one device and have it automatically replicated to all your other devices. This eliminates the need to repeatedly set up connections on each device, saving you time and effort. Whether you’re at your desk or on the go, Termius ensures that your connections are always within reach.
  2. User-friendly interface: Termius boasts a sleek and intuitive interface that is both visually appealing and easy to navigate. Whether you’re a beginner or an experienced user, you’ll feel right at home with Termius. Its well-organized layout and user-friendly controls enhance your overall experience and make working in the terminal environment a breeze.
  3. Versatile functionality: Termius offers a wide range of features and functionalities that cater to the needs of both casual users and professionals. From secure SSH connections to powerful scripting capabilities, Termius has you covered. It supports various protocols, including SSH, Telnet, Mosh, and SFTP, making it a versatile tool for all your terminal needs.
  4. Cross-platform compatibility: Termius works seamlessly across major operating systems, including Windows, macOS, Linux, iOS, and Android. This ensures that you can access your command line environment from any device, anytime, anywhere. Whether you prefer working on your computer, smartphone, or tablet, Termius provides a consistent experience across all your devices.
  5. Secure and reliable: Termius takes security seriously. It supports SSH key-based authentication, ensuring secure and encrypted connections. It also provides advanced features such as two-factor authentication and local key storage for added security. With Termius, you can rest assured that your terminal access is protected.
  6. Community support: Termius has a vibrant community of users who actively contribute to its development and provide support to fellow users. Whether you’re seeking help, sharing your experiences, or suggesting new features, Termius’ community is there to assist you. This collaborative environment fosters learning and growth, making Termius an even more valuable tool.

In the next section, we will compare Termius with other terminal clients, highlighting the unique features and advantages that set Termius apart from the competition. Stay tuned to discover why Termius is the best terminal client for all your needs.

Comparison with other terminal clients

While there are several terminal clients available in the market, Termius stands out from the competition with its unique features and advantages. Let’s compare Termius with other popular terminal clients to see why it is the best choice for all your terminal needs:

  1. Syncing capabilities: Unlike many other terminal clients, Termius allows you to configure a connection on one device and have it automatically replicated to all your other devices. This eliminates the need to repeatedly set up connections on each device, saving you time and effort. This syncing feature is a game-changer for users who work across multiple devices or need to switch between devices frequently.
  2. User-friendly interface: Termius boasts a sleek and intuitive interface that is both visually appealing and easy to navigate. Its well-organized layout and user-friendly controls enhance your overall experience and make working in the terminal environment a breeze. Many other terminal clients lack this level of polish and often have a steeper learning curve.
  3. Versatile functionality: Termius offers a wide range of features and functionalities that cater to the needs of both casual users and pros.
  4. Security: Termius also offers advanced security features such as two-factor authentication and local key storage for added protection. This ensures that all your data is secure and your terminal access is always protected. Furthermore, Termius also offers periodic updates to ensure that the latest security patches are applied to the software.
  5. Customization: Unlike many other terminal clients, Termius allows you to customize various aspects of the user interface according to your preference. This includes adjusting font size, color scheme, and window layout. You can even create custom shortcuts for quick access to frequently used commands. With these customization options, you can tailor Termius to best suit your needs and make working in the terminal environment even more enjoyable.
  6. Overall, it’s clear that Termius is a powerful yet user-friendly tool with plenty of features and advantages that set it apart from other terminal clients. From its syncing capabilities to its versatile functionality and customization options, Termius has everything you need in a terminal client—and more!

John

Securing Your Synology NAS: Change Default Ports for DSM 7.2

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‍

Image Source: Unsplash‍

In today’s digital landscape, securing our personal data and protecting our devices from potential vulnerabilities has become essential. As a Synology user, you might be familiar with the default ports 5000 and 5001 that are commonly used for accessing the Synology DSM 7.2 web interface. However, by changing these default ports to something more unique and secure, you can add an extra layer of protection to your Synology NAS device. In this article, we will explore the importance of changing default ports, provide you with a step-by-step guide on how to do it, and discuss some best practices for securing your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface.

Understanding default ports and their significance

Before we dive into the process of changing default ports, let’s first understand what default ports are and why they are significant. Ports are virtual channels on your network device that allow different services to communicate with each other. In the case of Synology DSM 7.2 web interface, the default ports 5000 and 5001 are used to access the management interface and secure HTTPS connection, respectively.

The problem with using well-known default ports is that they are widely recognized and often targeted by hackers. By changing these ports to different numbers, you can make it harder for potential attackers to identify and exploit vulnerabilities in your system. This simple measure can significantly enhance the security of your Synology NAS device.

Why change default ports for Synology DSM 7.2 web interface?

Changing the default ports for your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface offers several advantages. Let’s take a closer look at why it is recommended to customize the ports for your Synology NAS device:

  1. Enhanced security: As mentioned earlier, using well-known default ports makes your device an easy target for hackers. By changing the ports to something more unique, you can reduce the risk of unauthorized access and potential security breaches.
  2. Avoid port conflicts: In some cases, you may have other applications or services running on your network that are already using ports 5000 and 5001. By customizing the ports, you can avoid conflicts and ensure the smooth functioning of all your network services.
  3. Obscurity: While it’s not advisable to solely rely on port obscurity for security, changing the default ports can make it harder for attackers to identify your Synology device. It adds an extra layer of protection by making it more difficult for potential threats to locate your web interface.
  4. Compliance requirements: Depending on your industry or organizational policies, you may be required to change default ports for regulatory compliance. Customizing the ports can help align your Synology NAS device with specific security standards and protocols.

Now that we understand the significance of changing default ports, let’s proceed with the step-by-step guide on how to modify the default ports for your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface.

Step-by-step guide to changing default ports

Changing the default ports for your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface is a straightforward process. Follow these steps to customize the ports on your Synology NAS device:

  1. Accessing the Control Panel: Open your web browser and enter the IP address of your Synology NAS device in the address bar. Log in to the Synology DSM 7.2 web interface using your admin credentials. Once logged in, click on the “Control Panel” icon to access the settings.
  2. Navigating to Network: In the Control Panel, locate and click on the “Login Portal” icon. This will open the Portal settings page.
  3. Modifying the default ports: On the Network settings page, click on the “DSM” tab. Then at the bottom of the page will be the “Web Services” section. Here, you will find the option to change the default ports for HTTP and HTTPS connections. Enter the desired port numbers in the respective fields.
  4. Applying the changes: Once you have entered the new port numbers, click on the “Apply” button to save the changes. Your Synology NAS device will now use the new port numbers for accessing the web interface.

Testing the new port configuration

After changing the default ports, it is essential to test the new configuration to ensure everything is working correctly. Here are a few steps you can follow to test the new port setup:

  1. Accessing the web interface: Open your web browser and enter the IP address of your Synology NAS device, followed by the new port number. For example, if you changed the HTTP port to 8080, enter http://your-ip-address:8080 in the address bar. If you changed the HTTPS port to 8443, enter https://your-ip-address:8443.
  2. Verifying the connection: If the connection is successful, you should be able to access the Synology DSM 7.2 web interface using the new port numbers. Log in using your admin credentials and ensure that all functionalities are working as expected.
  3. Checking for errors: If you encounter any errors or are unable to establish a connection, double-check the port numbers you entered and make sure they are correct. Also, ensure that any firewall or router settings are updated to allow connections through the new port numbers.

By following these steps, you can verify that the new port configuration is functioning correctly and that you can access your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface securely.

Common issues and troubleshooting tips

While changing the default ports is a relatively simple process, you may encounter some common issues or face challenges during the configuration. Here are a few troubleshooting tips to help you overcome any problems you may encounter:

  1. Firewall settings: Ensure that your firewall settings are updated to allow connections through the new port numbers. If necessary, create new firewall rules to allow inbound and outbound traffic on the customized ports.
  2. Router configurations: If you are accessing your Synology NAS device from outside your local network, ensure that the router configurations are updated to forward the new port numbers to your device. This will allow external access to the web interface.
  3. Port availability: Double-check that the new port numbers you have selected are not in use by any other applications or services on your network. Port conflicts can prevent your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface from functioning correctly.

By addressing these common issues and following the troubleshooting tips, you can ensure a smooth transition to the new port configuration for your Synology NAS device.

Security considerations when changing default ports

While changing default ports can enhance the security of your Synology NAS device, it is important to consider a few additional security measures to protect your system effectively. Here are some security considerations to keep in mind:

  1. Strong passwords: Ensure that you have strong and unique passwords for your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface. Avoid using default or easily guessable passwords to prevent unauthorized access.
  2. Regular software updates: Keep your Synology DSM 7.2 software up to date by installing the latest updates and patches. This will help address any security vulnerabilities and ensure that your system is protected against known threats.
  3. Enable two-factor authentication: Two-factor authentication adds an extra layer of security by requiring a second form of verification, such as a code sent to your mobile device, in addition to your password. Enable this feature to further protect your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface.
  4. Disable unnecessary services: Review the services running on your Synology NAS device and disable any that are not required. Limiting the number of active services reduces the potential attack surface and minimizes the risk of security breaches.

By implementing these security considerations alongside changing the default ports, you can create a robust security framework for your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface.

Advanced configurations and customization options

For advanced users, Synology DSM 7.2 offers additional configuration options and customization features. These can further enhance the security and functionality of your Synology NAS device. Here are a few advanced configurations you can explore:

  1. VPN integration: Set up a virtual private network (VPN) to establish a secure connection between your remote device and your Synology NAS device. This allows you to access the web interface securely from anywhere while encrypting the data transmitted.
  2. SSL certificate: Consider installing an SSL certificate on your Synology NAS device to enable HTTPS connections. This provides an additional layer of encryption and ensures secure communication between your device and the web interface.
  3. IP blocking: Enable IP blocking to prevent multiple failed login attempts from specific IP addresses. This helps protect against brute-force attacks and further strengthens the security of your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface.

By exploring these advanced configurations and customization options, you can tailor your Synology NAS device to meet your specific security requirements and preferences.

Best practices for managing Synology DSM 7.2 web interface ports

To ensure the ongoing security and optimal performance of your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface, it is important to follow best practices for managing the ports. Here are some recommendations to keep in mind:

  1. Regularly review port configurations: Periodically review your port configurations to ensure they align with your security needs. If necessary, update the port numbers to maintain an effective security posture.
  2. Document your port changes: Keep a record of the port numbers you have customized and any associated configurations. This will help you troubleshoot issues and ensure consistency in your network setup.
  3. Backup your configurations: Regularly back up your Synology DSM 7.2 configurations to ensure that you can quickly restore your settings in case of any unforeseen events or system failures.
  4. Stay informed: Stay updated with the latest security advisories and news related to Synology DSM 7.2. This will help you stay ahead of potential threats and implement timely security measures.

By following these best practices, you can effectively manage your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface ports and maintain a secure and reliable network environment.

Changing the default ports for your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface is a simple yet crucial step in securing your Synology NAS device. By customizing the ports to something more unique and secure, you can enhance the protection of your data and mitigate potential vulnerabilities.

In this article, we discussed the significance of changing default ports and provided you with a step-by-step guide on how to modify the default ports for your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface. We also explored some best practices for securing your Synology NAS device and discussed advanced configurations and customization options.

Remember to regularly review and update your port configurations, follow security best practices, and stay informed about the latest security updates. By implementing these measures, you can ensure the ongoing security, performance, and reliability of your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface. Don’t compromise your security; start customizing your Synology DSM 7.2 web interface ports today!

Note: The information provided in this article is based on Synology DSM 7.2. Please refer to the official Synology documentation for specific instructions related to your device’s firmware version.

John

Using Certbot with WSL on Windows to obtain wildcard certifications via DNS authorization (for DNS providers that provide support for the DNS challenge, i.e. Route53 or Google Domains) to Let’s Encrypt for your Synology NAS or SRM!

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‍ Are you looking to secure your Synology NAS or SRM with a wildcard SSL certificate? Look no further! In this article, we’ll show you how to use Certbot with Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on your Windows machine to obtain wildcard certifications via DNS authorization. This is the manual way to do it, but there is also an automated way as well. But learning the manual way will help you to better understand the process of how it all works!

Understanding wildcard certifications and DNS authorization

To understand the importance of wildcard certifications and DNS authorization, let’s first take a closer look at what they are. A wildcard SSL certificate allows you to secure not only your main domain but also all its subdomains. This is especially useful if you have multiple subdomains or if you plan to create new subdomains in the future.

DNS authorization is a method used by Let’s Encrypt to verify that you have control over the domain for which you are requesting a certificate. With DNS authorization, you prove ownership of the domain by adding a specific DNS record provided by Let’s Encrypt to your DNS provider’s configuration.

Setting up Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on Windows

Before we can start using Certbot with WSL on Windows, we need to set up the Windows Subsystem for Linux. WSL allows you to run a Linux distribution alongside your Windows operating system, enabling you to use Linux tools and applications on your Windows machine.

To set up WSL, follow these steps:

  1. Open the Windows PowerShell as an administrator.
  2. Run the following command to enable the WSL feature: wsl --install
  3. Wait for the installation to complete and restart your computer.

Once the installation is complete, you can proceed to the next step of configuring your DNS provider for DNS challenge support.

Configuring DNS provider for DNS challenge support

To obtain wildcard certifications via DNS authorization, you need to configure your DNS provider to support the DNS challenge. Currently, popular DNS providers like Route53 and Google Domains provide support for the DNS challenge, making it easy to obtain SSL certificates from Let’s Encrypt.

To configure your DNS provider for DNS challenge support, follow these steps:

  1. Log in to your DNS provider’s control panel.
  2. Navigate to the DNS settings for your domain.
  3. Look for an option to add a DNS record and select the TXT record type.
  4. Enter the DNS record provided by Let’s Encrypt in the value field.
  5. Save the changes and wait for the DNS record to propagate.

Once your DNS provider is configured, we can move on to installing Certbot on WSL.

Installing CertBot on WSL

Certbot is a popular open-source tool that simplifies the process of obtaining and managing SSL certificates. It supports various plugins, including the DNS plugin, which allows you to use DNS authorization to obtain wildcard certifications.

To install Certbot on WSL, follow these steps:

  1. Open the WSL terminal on your Windows machine.
  2. Update the package manager by running the following command: sudo apt update
  3. Install Certbot by running the following command: sudo apt install certbot

Once Certbot is installed, we can proceed to the next step of obtaining wildcard certifications with Certbot and DNS authorization.

Obtaining wildcard certifications with CertBot and DNS authorization

Now that Certbot is installed, we can use it to obtain wildcard certifications via DNS authorization. To do this, follow these steps:

  1. Open the WSL terminal on your Windows machine.
  2. Run the following command to obtain the wildcard certificate: sudo certbot certonly --manual --preferred-challenges=dns --email [email protected] --server https://acme-v02.api.letsencrypt.org/directory --agree-tos -d "*.yourdomain.com"
  3. Follow the prompts to add the DNS record provided by Certbot to your DNS provider’s configuration.
  4. Wait for the DNS record to propagate and for Let’s Encrypt to verify the DNS challenge.
  5. Once the verification is complete, Certbot will generate your wildcard certificate and store it in the appropriate directory.

With your wildcard certificate obtained, we can now configure your Synology NAS or SRM for SSL/TLS using the wildcard certifications.

Configuring Synology NAS or SRM for SSL/TLS using wildcard certifications

To configure your Synology NAS or SRM for SSL/TLS using the wildcard certifications obtained from Let’s Encrypt, follow these steps:

  1. Log in to your Synology NAS or SRM web interface.
  2. Navigate to the Control Panel and select “Security.”
  3. Go to the “Certificate” tab and click on “Add.”
  4. Select “Import a certificate” and choose the option to import the certificate from a file.
  5. Browse to the directory where Certbot stored your wildcard certificate and select the appropriate files.
  6. Click “Next” and follow the prompts to complete the certificate import process.
  7. Once the certificate is imported, go to the “General Settings” tab and select the wildcard certificate for HTTPS connections.

Congratulations! Your Synology NAS or SRM is now secured with a wildcard SSL certificate obtained via DNS authorization. Your sensitive data is protected, and your users can enjoy a seamless and encrypted connection.

Automating certificate renewal with CertBot and cron jobs

To ensure that your wildcard certificate remains valid, it’s important to set up automated certificate renewal. With Certbot and cron jobs, you can automate the renewal process, so you don’t have to worry about manually renewing your certificates.

To set up automated certificate renewal with Certbot and cron jobs, follow these steps:

  1. Open the WSL terminal on your Windows machine.
  2. Run the following command to edit the crontab file: sudo crontab -e
  3. Add the following line to the crontab file to schedule the renewal process: 0 0 1 * * /usr/bin/certbot renew
  4. Save the changes and exit the editor.

By scheduling the renewal process to run once a month, you can ensure that your wildcard certificate is always up to date.

Troubleshooting common issues with CertBot and DNS authorization

While using Certbot with DNS authorization is generally straightforward, you may encounter some common issues along the way. Here are a few troubleshooting tips to help you overcome these issues:

  1. Check your DNS provider’s configuration to ensure that the DNS record is correctly added.
  2. Verify that the DNS record has propagated by using a DNS propagation checking tool.
  3. Double-check the spelling and syntax of the DNS record.
  4. Ensure that your DNS provider’s API credentials are correctly configured in Certbot.

If you still encounter issues, refer to the Certbot documentation or seek assistance from the Certbot community for further guidance.

Final thoughts

We have explored how to use Certbot with Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on your Windows machine to obtain wildcard certifications via DNS authorization. We have covered the steps of setting up WSL, configuring your DNS provider for DNS challenge support, installing Certbot, obtaining wildcard certifications, configuring your Synology NAS or SRM, automating certificate renewal, and troubleshooting common issues.

By following these steps, you can secure your Synology NAS or SRM with a wildcard SSL certificate, providing a comprehensive security solution for your sensitive data. With Certbot and Let’s Encrypt, the process of obtaining and managing SSL certificates is made easier, allowing you to focus on what matters most—protecting your data and ensuring a seamless user experience.

So, what are you waiting for? Dive in and secure your NAS or SRM today!

Note: The content provided in this article is for informational purposes only. It is always recommended to refer to the official documentation and seek professional assistance when dealing with SSL certificates and server configurations.

John

Let’s Encrypt and Synology DSM: Creating SSL Wildcard Certificates

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In the realm of web security, SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) certificates play a pivotal role. They provide an encrypted link between a web server and a browser, ensuring all data passing between the two remains private and secure. Within the family of SSL certificates, a powerhouse stands out – the SSL Wildcard Certificate. As the name suggests, this certificate covers not only a single domain but all its subdomains too, making it a versatile and cost-effective solution for businesses with a wide web presence.

The SSL Wildcard Certificate is represented by an asterisk () before the domain name. This wildcard notation allows the certificate to secure unlimited subdomains under the primary domain. For instance, if a certificate is issued to “.domain.com,” it will secure “mail.domain.com,” “login.domain.com,” “blog.domain.com,” and so forth without needing separate certificates for each.

But what happens when you want to secure your Synology DiskStation Manager (DSM)? This is where the power of an SSL Wildcard Certificate shines. By integrating it with your Synology DSM, you can ensure comprehensive security across all your Synology services.

Why SSL Wildcard Certificates are Important for Securing Synology DSM

Synology DSM is a robust and versatile operating system for Synology NAS (Network Attached Storage) devices, allowing users to manage and protect their data efficiently. However, like all systems connected to the internet, it is vulnerable to cyber threats. This is why securing your Synology DSM with an SSL Wildcard Certificate is essential.

When you use an SSL Wildcard Certificate, you’re not just securing one service or domain; you’re securing all your subdomains under one umbrella. This means that whether you’re accessing your files via FileStation, managing emails through MailPlus, or sharing photos via Moments, your connection is secure. This universal coverage reduces the risk of cyberattacks, data breaches, and identity theft.

Moreover, an SSL Wildcard Certificate helps in building trust with your users. It validates your identity, proving to your users that they are indeed interacting with a secure, authentic Synology DSM. This boosts user confidence and can lead to increased user engagement.

Understanding the Basics of Let’s Encrypt and Synology Let’s Encrypt

To create an SSL Wildcard Certificate, we turn to Let’s Encrypt, a free, automated, and open Certificate Authority (CA). The magic of Let’s Encrypt lies in its simplicity and automation. It provides domain-validated certificates, including wildcard certificates, using an automated process designed to eliminate the current complex process of manual creation, validation, signing, and installation of certificates for secure websites.

Synology DSM supports Let’s Encrypt natively. This means that you can request, renew, and manage your SSL certificates from Let’s Encrypt directly within the DSM interface. However, for wildcard certificates, the process is slightly more complicated as it requires DNS validation. This is where the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) and Ubuntu Image come into play.

Step-by-step Guide to Creating a Wildcard Certificate with Let’s Encrypt

Creating a wildcard certificate with Let’s Encrypt involves a few steps. First, you need to set up the Windows Subsystem for Linux (WSL) on your Windows machine. This requires a few steps, including enabling the WSL feature, downloading a Linux distribution (like Ubuntu) from the Microsoft Store, and setting up a new Linux instance.

Once you have WSL and Ubuntu set up, you can proceed to install Certbot, a tool designed to simplify the process of obtaining and managing Let’s Encrypt certificates. With a few commands in the Ubuntu terminal, you can install Certbot and its DNS plugin for your DNS provider, which will be used to automate the DNS validation process required for issuing a wildcard certificate.

After setting up Certbot, the final step is to generate your wildcard certificate. This involves running a command that tells Certbot to request a wildcard certificate for your domain, using the DNS plugin to handle the required validation. Upon successful validation, Let’s Encrypt will issue your wildcard certificate, which you can then find in the specified directory on your Linux instance.

Using WSL (Windows Subsystem for Linux) and Ubuntu Image for Certificate Creation

Using WSL and Ubuntu Image is a powerful way to create an SSL wildcard certificate. WSL allows you to run a Linux environment directly on Windows, without the need for a dual-boot setup or virtual machine. This means you can use Linux tools, like Certbot, on your Windows machine, making the process of creating a wildcard certificate much simpler and more efficient.

On the other hand, the Ubuntu Image provides a full-fledged Ubuntu environment, complete with a command-line interface. This means you can run Ubuntu commands directly on your Windows machine, providing further flexibility and efficiency when it comes to creating your wildcard certificate.

Together, WSL and Ubuntu Image provides a powerful, streamlined platform for creating SSL wildcard certificates. They provide all the tools and capabilities you need, all within a familiar Windows environment, reducing the complexity and time required to secure your Synology DSM.

Configuring Your Synology DSM for SSL Wildcard Certificate Installation

Once you’ve created your wildcard certificate using WSL and Ubuntu Image, the next step is to configure your Synology DSM for its installation. This involves uploading the certificate to your DSM and assigning it to your services.

First, you need to log into your DSM and navigate to the Control Panel, then to Security, and finally to the Certificate tab. Here, you can upload your new wildcard certificate, which consists of the certificate itself, its private key, and the chain of trust.

After uploading the certificate, you need to assign it to your services. This means telling your DSM which services should use the new wildcard certificate. By assigning the wildcard certificate to all your services, you ensure that they are all secured with the same, consistent level of encryption.

Testing and Verifying the SSL Wildcard Certificate

After installing the SSL wildcard certificate on your Synology DSM, it’s important to test and verify that it’s working correctly. This involves checking that all your services are accessible via HTTPS and that no security warnings are shown when accessing them.

To test your certificate, simply try accessing your services using their HTTPS URLs. For example, if you have a service at “mail.domain.com,” try accessing “https://mail.domain.com.” If the page loads without any security warnings, then your wildcard certificate is working correctly.

Additionally, you can use online SSL checkers to verify your certificate. These tools will check the validity of your certificate and its chain of trust, ensuring that it’s correctly installed and trusted by browsers.

Troubleshooting Common Issues During the Certificate Installation Process

Despite the simplicity and automation provided by Let’s Encrypt, WSL, and Ubuntu Image, you may still encounter issues during the certificate installation process. The most common issues include validation failures, certificate upload problems, and certificate assignment errors.

Validation failures occur when Let’s Encrypt is unable to verify your domain ownership. This usually happens due to incorrect DNS settings. To resolve this issue, double-check your DNS settings and make sure that they match what’s required by Let’s Encrypt for DNS validation.

Certificate upload problems, on the other hand, occur when you’re unable to upload your certificate to your Synology DSM. This can happen due to incorrect file formats or permissions. To resolve this issue, ensure that your certificate files are in the correct format (PEM) and that they have the correct permissions (readable by the DSM).

Finally, certificate assignment errors occur when you’re unable to assign your certificate to your services. This usually happens due to incorrect service settings. To resolve this issue, double-check your service settings and make sure that they allow for custom SSL certificates.

Benefits and Advantages of Using SSL Wildcard Certificates for Synology DSM

The benefits and advantages of using SSL Wildcard Certificates for Synology DSM are numerous. First and foremost, they provide a high level of security. By securing all your subdomains with a single certificate, you ensure that all your services are protected with the same level of encryption, reducing the risk of cyberattacks and data breaches.

Second, SSL Wildcard Certificates are cost-effective. Instead of purchasing individual certificates for each of your subdomains, you can secure all of them with a single certificate, saving money and reducing administrative overhead.

Finally, SSL Wildcard Certificates are versatile. They can be used with any service on your Synology DSM, providing a flexible and scalable solution for securing your data and services.

Final Thoughts

In conclusion, securing your Synology DSM with an SSL Wildcard Certificate is a powerful and efficient way to protect your data and services. By leveraging the power of Let’s Encrypt, WSL, and Ubuntu Image, you can create and install your wildcard certificate, ensuring a high level of security across all your subdomains.

While the process may seem complex at first, the benefits and advantages of using SSL Wildcard Certificates for Synology DSM far outweigh the initial learning curve. They provide a high level of security, are cost-effective, and offer unmatched versatility, making them an ideal solution for any Synology DSM user.

So, don’t wait. Harness the power of SSL Wildcard Certificates today and protect your Synology DSM with the security it deserves.

John

From Autism to Coding Genius: Leveraging Pattern Recognition to Excel in Software Development

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As technology continues to evolve at a rapid pace, the demand for skilled software developers has never been higher. While many people may assume that success in this field requires a certain set of traits or abilities, the reality is that individuals with diverse backgrounds and neurodiversity can thrive in software development. One such neurodiversity is autism, which is characterized by unique patterns of thinking and processing information. In this article, we will explore how the innate ability of pattern recognition in autistic individuals can be leveraged to excel in software development.

Understanding Autism and Pattern Recognition

Autism, also known as Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD), is a developmental disorder that affects how individuals perceive and interact with the world around them. One of the distinctive strengths of autistic individuals is their exceptional pattern recognition abilities. Pattern recognition refers to the ability to identify and make sense of recurring patterns in data, information, or situations. This cognitive skill plays a crucial role in various aspects of software development, making it an advantage for autistic individuals in this field.

Leveraging Pattern Recognition for Success in Software Development

Pattern recognition is a fundamental skill that is highly valuable in software development. It allows developers to analyze complex problems, identify trends, and create efficient solutions. Autistic individuals, with their innate ability in pattern recognition, have a unique advantage in understanding and solving intricate coding challenges. Their meticulous attention to detail and ability to recognize patterns in code can lead to more efficient and innovative solutions.

Moreover, pattern recognition is particularly beneficial in the field of machine learning, where algorithms are designed to recognize patterns in large datasets. Autistic individuals can excel in this area, as their ability to identify intricate patterns can help improve the accuracy and efficiency of machine learning models. This highlights the potential of neurodiversity, such as autism, in advancing the field of artificial intelligence and data analysis.

Examples of Pattern Recognition in Autism and Technology

The unique pattern recognition abilities of autistic individuals have been demonstrated in various technological advancements. One notable example is facial recognition technology, where autistic individuals have made significant contributions. Their exceptional ability to recognize and remember faces has led to advancements in facial recognition algorithms, improving accuracy and usability.

Additionally, autistic individuals have also excelled in the field of cybersecurity. Pattern recognition plays a critical role in identifying anomalies and detecting potential threats in complex networks. Autistic individuals, with their exceptional attention to detail and ability to recognize patterns, have proven to be valuable assets in protecting digital systems from cyberattacks.

Success Stories: Autistic Individuals Excelling in Software Development

The success stories of autistic individuals in software development are truly inspiring. One such example is Temple Grandin, a renowned autism advocate and professor of animal science. Despite facing challenges in social interactions, Temple’s exceptional pattern recognition abilities have allowed her to become a leading expert in the design of livestock handling facilities. Her unique perspective and attention to detail have not only improved animal welfare but also revolutionized the industry.

Another inspiring success story is that of Dan Ayoub, a former Microsoft executive and advocates for neurodiversity. Dan, who is diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome, leveraged his pattern recognition skills to excel in the field of software development. His ability to identify trends and solve complex problems has led to the creation of innovative gaming technologies and improved user experiences.

Tools and Resources for Autistic Individuals in Software Development

To support autistic individuals in their software development journey, there are various tools and resources available. Online communities and forums provide a platform for individuals to connect, share experiences, and seek advice. These communities foster a sense of belonging and support, allowing autistic individuals to thrive and learn from their peers.

Additionally, there are specialized software programs and platforms that cater to the unique needs of autistic individuals. These tools offer features such as visual programming interfaces, which enhance the understanding and implementation of coding concepts. Furthermore, assistive technologies, such as speech-to-text software and screen readers, can help overcome communication and sensory challenges that autistic individuals may face.

Celebrating Neurodiversity and the Potential of Pattern Recognition in Software Development

The innate ability of pattern recognition in autistic individuals holds immense potential in the field of software development. By leveraging their exceptional skills, autistic individuals can excel in various domains, from coding to machine learning. It is crucial to celebrate neurodiversity and create an inclusive environment that embraces the unique strengths of all individuals. By doing so, we can unlock the full potential of pattern recognition and propel innovation and excellence in the world of software development.

John

Will be a little dusty with all the deprecations coming up!

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ADAL has sunset so I cannot trust it in Azure SBM. MSAL looks great but they have it hard coded to not issue a token credential on mobile!?!?!? Seems in many ways mobile can be hardened better than a PC and can be truly remote wiped based on many conditions. Microsoft seems really out of touch with mobile and the corporate world.

But I think I might have found a REST alternative for Storage management client authentication. I’ll be trying it out this afternoon to see what happens!

John